EU · binding regulation
EU AI Act
EU-AIA-2024
Treatment of Foundation Models / GPAI
governsArts. 51-55 (general-purpose AI + systemic risk)
Primary source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689
Comparative jurisdictional memo · Foundation Models / GPAI
EU AI Act vs Interim Measures for Generative AI Service Management
Verdict: convergesDownload PDF
EU-AIA-2024 — coverage across 24 topics
governs13implicit6silent5conflicts0of 24 cells
Color = verdict, height = confidence. One tick per topic.
CN-GENAI-2023 — coverage across 24 topics
governs7implicit4silent12conflicts1of 24 cells
Color = verdict, height = confidence. One tick per topic.
CN · binding regulation
Interim Measures for Generative AI Service Management
CN-GENAI-2023
Treatment of Foundation Models / GPAI
governsArt. 2 (applies to GenAI services regardless of size)
Primary source: CAC Order No. 15
Where these two regimes diverge
15 of 24 topics differ; 9 agree.
- Biometric IdentificationEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023silent
- Catastrophic & Existential RiskEU-AIA-2024implicitCN-GENAI-2023silent
- AI in EmploymentEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023silent
- AI in HealthcareEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023silent
- AI in Criminal JusticeEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023silent
- AI in EducationEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023silent
- Compute-Threshold ReportingEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023silent
- Transparency ObligationsEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023conflicts
- Training-Data RightsEU-AIA-2024implicitCN-GENAI-2023governs
- Open-Weight Frontier ReleaseEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023implicit
- Environmental Impact of AI TrainingEU-AIA-2024implicitCN-GENAI-2023silent
- Sovereign AI DoctrineEU-AIA-2024silentCN-GENAI-2023governs
- Technological SovereigntyEU-AIA-2024implicitCN-GENAI-2023governs
- Development-Rights FramingsEU-AIA-2024silentCN-GENAI-2023implicit
- National Security Carveouts in AI RegulationEU-AIA-2024governsCN-GENAI-2023silent
What this comparison shows
On the topic of Foundation Models / GPAI, EU AI Act is classified as governs and Interim Measures for Generative AI Service Management as governs. The editorial verdict is converges. The two regimes take the same position; this is a candidate for cross-jurisdictional alignment in industry guidance, voluntary codes, and harmonisation tracks.
Contested question: Does the foundation-model category map to a coherent capability tier, or is it a regulatory convenience? Compute-threshold vs behavioural-threshold debate is unresolved across EU/US/China.
Bibliography
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — EU AI Act.
- CAC Order No. 15 — Interim Measures for Generative AI Service Management.
- Policy Window — Foundation Models / GPAI (cross-jurisdiction topic article with full 26-instrument coverage matrix).