Pinned snapshot. This article is rendered from the catalog state captured at (closest snapshot at-or-before your requested date of ). The live version may differ — drop the
?asOf= parameter to see the current catalog state.Domestic-compute, export controls, jurisdiction-bound model deployment.
Definition & scope
The cross-jurisdiction picture below shows how each of 45 tracked instruments treats this topic. The patterns vary substantially — and 40 regimes are silent, leaving gaps that future policy work could address.
Coverage across jurisdictions
Historical primacy & cross-jurisdiction tension
First addressed by Interim Measures for Generative AI Service Management on (governs). Subsequent regimes have either codified, diverged from, or remained silent on this baseline.
Compare jurisdictions: EU vs US · EU vs UK · EU vs CN
Enforcement & impact
Silent regimes — gap signal
Instruments that do not address Sovereign AI Doctrine — candidates for future policy work.
- EU AI ActEU
- Executive Order 14179 — Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AIUS
- UK Pro-Innovation Approach to AI Regulation (White Paper)UK
- G7 Hiroshima AI Process Code of ConductG7
- OECD AI Principles (Recommendation)OECD
- Council of Europe Framework Convention on AIcouncil_of_europe
- UN GA Resolution on Safe, Secure, Trustworthy AIUN
- NIST AI Risk Management FrameworkUS
- Bletchley Declaration on AI Safetyglobal
- Seoul Declaration on Safe, Innovative and Inclusive AIglobal
- NIST AI RMF Generative AI ProfileUS
- California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models ActUS
- India Digital Personal Data Protection Act + AI Advisory (MEITY)IN
- Brazil AI Bill (PL 2338/2023)BR
- ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and EthicsASEAN
- African Union Continental AI StrategyAfrican_Union
- Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy (RSP) v2US
- OpenAI Preparedness FrameworkUS
- Google DeepMind Frontier Safety FrameworkUS
- Meta Frontier AI FrameworkUS
- UK-US AI Safety Institute Memorandum of Understandingglobal
- White House Voluntary AI CommitmentsUS
- Singapore Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AISG
- Japan METI AI Guidelines for BusinessJP
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)EU
- EU General-Purpose AI Code of PracticeEU
- OMB Memorandum M-24-10 (Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of AI)US
- GSA Generative AI and Specialized Computing Infrastructure Acquisition Resource GuideUS
- DoD Responsible AI Strategy and Implementation PathwayUS
- FedRAMP AI Cloud Procurement GuidanceUS
- DFARS Subpart 252.204 (Safeguarding Covered Defense Information and Cyber Incident Reporting)US
- California SB 243: Companion ChatbotsUS
- California SB 942: AI Transparency ActUS
- Revised Product Liability Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2853)EU
- UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceUNESCO
- Directive (EU) 2024/2831 on improving working conditions in platform workEU
- Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet Information ServicesCN
- New York RAISE Act: Responsible AI Safety and Education ActUS
- TAKE IT DOWN Act (Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act)US
- UN Global Digital CompactUN
Further reading
12 academic & grey-literature sources bearing on this topic — catalogued metadata with a primary link; one-line findings are ✦ AI-generated summaries, labeled as such (charter §7.9). Browse the full literature index.
- Geopolitical ecologies of cloud capitalism: Territorial restructuring and the making of national computing power in the U.S. and China Peer-reviewed✦ AIUS and Chinese drives for sovereign AI/cloud dominance depend on reorganizing land, energy and regulatory systems to sustain large-scale national computing power.
- Digital Disintegration: Techno-Blocs and Strategic Sovereignty in the AI Era Peer-reviewed✦ AIArgues states increasingly assert 'strategic digital sovereignty...through selective alliances with firms and other governments,' fragmenting global AI infrastructure into techno-blocs rather than multilateral order.
- Computing Power and the Governance of Artificial Intelligence Preprint✦ AIArgues compute is a uniquely governable lever because it is "detectable, excludable, and quantifiable, and is produced via an extremely concentrated supply chain".
- Compute North vs. Compute South: The Uneven Possibilities of Compute-based AI Governance Around the Globe Peer-reviewed✦ AICensus of hyperscale cloud regions shows a divide between "Compute North" states hosting training-relevant compute and a Compute South, shaping who can wield compute-based governance.
- Infrastructuring AI: The stabilization of 'artificial intelligence' in and beyond national AI strategies Peer-reviewed✦ AIShows the UK National AI Strategy 'stabilises: AI as an autonomous and inevitable force', revealing how national strategies fix actors, capital flows, and power relations.
- A blueprint for building national compute capacity for artificial intelligence Research institute✦ AIFinds 'no country today has data on, or a targeted plan for, national AI compute capacity' and offers the first policy blueprint across capacity, effectiveness, and resilience.
- The political imaginary of National AI Strategies Peer-reviewed✦ AINational AI strategies mobilize democratic, sociotechnical and data imaginaries that frame sovereign AI capacity as a means for democracies to overcome governance challenges.
- Steering the governance of artificial intelligence: national strategies in perspective Peer-reviewed✦ AIQualitative content analysis of ~12 national AI strategies (2017-2019) shows governments deploy 'sovereigntist AI projects' that reconfigure public-private ordering via hybrid governance and marketization.
- Talking AI into Being: The Narratives and Imaginaries of National AI Strategies and Their Performative Politics Peer-reviewed✦ AIComparing China, US, France and Germany strategies, the authors show national AI policy documents 'talk AI into being' through competing sovereignty/leadership imaginaries that perform political reality.
- The De-democratization of AI: Deep Learning and the Compute Divide in Artificial Intelligence Research Preprint✦ AIAnalysis of 171,394 papers shows access to compute drives a 'compute divide' concentrating AI capacity in large firms and elite universities, de-democratizing knowledge production.
- Model Distillation Risk PreprintHinton, G., Vinyals, O., Dean, J. (2015), 'Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network' — the foundational distillation paper; the governance-relevant adaptation runs through Alpaca/Vicuna (2023) and DeepSeek-R1 (2025).
- The state's role in governing artificial intelligence: development, control, and promotion through national strategies Peer-reviewed✦ AIFrames national AI strategies on a development/control/promotion axis, the lens for a promotion-and-leadership national AI posture.
References
The primary instrument sources behind the article's classifications.
- US-EO-14110: §4.2 (Commerce reporting on dual-use models + large compute clusters; IaaS rules)
- CN-GENAI-2023: Art. 17 (registration + algorithm filing)
- CA-SB-53: Gov. Code § 11546.8 — CalCompute: a consortium to develop a framework for a public cloud computing cluster expanding access to compute (report due Jan. 1, 2027; operative on appropriation)
- IT-AILAW-2025: No explicit sovereign-model/sovereign-compute mandate. Supported indirectly by Art. 5 (technological sovereignty + national-data-centre preference), Art. 19 (biennial national AI strategy, dual-use coordination with the Ministry of Defence) and Art. 23 (state investment in AI, cybersecurity and quantum computing).
- JP-AIPROMO-2025: Act No. 53 of 2025, Art. 3(2)
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5 instruments tracked.